Understanding EV Charging Connectors: A Complete Guide

Introduction to EV Charging Connectors

Are you new to the world of electric vehicles (EVs) and find the terminology surrounding EV charging connectors, types, and standards a bit confusing? You're not alone!

Understanding the various EV Charging connectors and their corresponding standards is essential for both EV owners and charging station installers. This guide will walk you through the history, EV Charging types, and key differences between the most commonly used EV charging connector types, helping you understand how they impact your EV charging experience and the future of electric mobility.

History of EV Charging and Connector Types 

The J1772 connector (Type 1) was the first standardized EV charging connector types on the market. Fast forward to 2023 – rapid innovation has resulted in many different types of EV charging connectors currently in use around the world. However, for leaders in any new industry, it's helpful to have unified standards, just as desktop computers were developed and similarly changed the way we live. Industry standards at the time ensured that computers could work with printers and other accessories. Likewise, as public charging networks expand and EV plug types become more standardized, the process is becoming easier, and today's EV charging connector standards ensure that charging stations and EVs work seamlessly together.

Types of EV Charging Connectors

When it comes to EV charging, there are two primary categories to consider: AC (Alternating Current) charging and DC (Direct Current) fast charging. Let's explore each type in detail.

AC Charging

AC charging is the most common type of EV charging. Most EV owners use AC chargers when their vehicles are parked at home, work, or public charging stations. AC charging generally offers a slower charging speed but is highly accessible.

Type 1 - SAE J1772

The SAE J1772 connector, known as Type 1 EV charging connector, is the standard for North America and Canada. It uses a 5-pin plug and supports up to 19.2kW of power. While it does not include a locking mechanism, it is widely used for AC charging. Tesla vehicles in North America are typically equipped with an adapter to use the J1772 connector.

Type 2 - Mennekes

The Type 2 connector, or Mennekes connector, is the standard in Europe. In 2009, German company Mennekes first proposed the Type 2 standard for electric vehicle charging interfaces, and the draft was quickly recognized by German auto giants. In 2014, the European Commission unified the specifications of European electric vehicle charging interfaces, and the Type 2 EV Charging connector produced by Mennekes was officially adopted as the European standard. In 2016, almost all charging stations in European countries are equipped with Type 2 plugs.

It offers more pins and supports higher voltage and power outputs, providing up to 43kW of charging power. It also includes an automatic locking mechanism to prevent accidental disconnections during charging. Type 2 EV Charging connectors are capable of both single-phase and three-phase AC charging.

NACS (Tesla)

The North American Charging Standard (NACS) is used by Tesla vehicles. Developed by Tesla, this connector combines both AC and DC charging compatibility into one system, allowing for fast charging capabilities alongside conventional AC charging.

GB/T 20234.2

The GB/T 20234.2 standard refers to the Chinese AC Charging Interface for electric vehicles (EVs).

DC Fast Charging

DC fast charging, on the other hand, provides much faster charging speeds compared to AC charging. However, not all electric vehicles are compatible with DC fast charging. DC fast charging is the ideal solution for those in a rush to charge their vehicle and get back on the road.

SAE Combo (CCS1)

Also known as CCS Combo 1 or SAE J1772 Combo, this connector combines both DC and AC charging capabilities. It is widely used in North America and supports up to 350kW of power. The EV Charging connector features two additional pins specifically for DC charging, and when AC charging is detected, only the upper pins are used.

CCS2

CCS2, or Combo 2, is the European version of CCS. It offers even higher output power and includes the benefits of the Mennekes locking mechanism. This connector is compatible with both single-phase and three-phase AC power and is ideal for fast DC charging.

CHAdeMO

CHAdeMO is a fast-charging standard proposed by the Japanese organization of the same name. In March 2010, Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru, and Tokyo Electric Power Company officially established the "CHAdeMO Association." The name CHAdeMO is derived from "Charge de Move," which in Japanese refers to the idea of charging time being as short as the time it takes to drink tea.

The CHAdeMO connector may appear to have four pins, but upon closer inspection, it actually has ten pins.

The latest version of the CHAdeMO protocol, CHAdeMO 3.0, allows for power delivery of up to 900 kW (600 A current, 1.5 kV voltage)

NACS (Tesla)

Like the Tesla AC connector, the North American Charging Standard (NACS) also supports DC fast charging, with the capability to charge at up to 250 kW, enabling ultra-fast charging for Tesla vehicles.

The NACS connector features 5 pins:

• Two larger pinsat the top, which are used for the high-power DC current transmission.
• Three smaller pinsat the bottom, which handle communication, control, and safety signals, ensuring proper charging and protection during the process.

GB/T 20234.3

GB/T 20234.3 is a Chinese national standard that specifically covers the DC fast charging interface for electric vehicles.

Why EV Charging Connectors Matter

Understanding the types of EV charging connectors is crucial for anyone involved in EV ownership, installation, or business operations. The compatibility of your vehicle with various charging stations can influence your choice of charging infrastructure. As the EV market grows, so does the diversity of charging solutions. It's essential for operators to stay informed about the different connector types to ensure they meet the charging needs of all EV users.

FAQ

What is the difference between AC and DC charging?

AC charging uses alternating current and is typically slower, while DC charging uses direct current and can charge EVs much faster.

Which EV connector should I use?

Your choice of connector depends on the region and your vehicle's compatibility. In North America, SAE J1772 (Type 1) is common, while in Europe, Type 2 is standard.

Can I use an adapter for different connectors?

Yes, many manufacturers offer adapters, especially for Tesla vehicles, allowing them to charge using different connectors like SAE J1772 or Type 2.

What is the fastest EV charging connector?

The fastest is generally the CCS2 connector, which supports high power outputs and is used in DC fast chargers.

For more information on the best EV charging solutions for your business, check out our EV Charging Solutions.